Image Credit: Image #1: Martin Holladay
More Musings of an Energy Nerd
Vegetated roofs are low-slope roofs the have enough soil (or soil-like growth medium) on top of the roofing to support the growth of grass, wildflowers, or shrubs. Although some people call this type of roof a “green roof,” the term “vegetated roof” is more accurate and less confusing.
Vegetated roofs can be humble or sophisticated. In Scandinavia and the Great Plains of North America, these roofs used to be called “sod roofs.” Most sod roofs were installed by poor people in rural regions, and most sod roofs leaked. Later versions of the sod roof included a waterproof membrane under the sod, improving performance.
In the early 1970s, Malcolm Wells, a widely respected green architect, began preaching the gospel of underground architecture. Wells took his vegetated roofs seriously; he famously noted that his definition of an underground house was a house with enough dirt on top to grow mature trees. Interviewed at his underground house in 1999, he said, “I have three feet [of dirt] here, but if I had to do it again, I’d put about 10 feet of earth up there, so it could be a truly natural habitat for all plants.” He bragged that his roof had “a couple of pine trees, now about four feet tall.”
These days, most vegetated roofs have better specifications than the old sod roofs, but less impressive specifications that Malcolm Wells’ 10-foot-deep ideal. Most vegetated roofs have between 3 inches and 6 inches of soil. That’s not enough to create a natural habitat; it’s just enough to create a kind of ersatz pasture — one that looks green if you remember to water it.
Why install a vegetated roof?
Vegetated roofs are quite expensive. While some architects estimate that these roofs cost only $15 per square foot, others estimate that a vegetated roof, including…
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3 Comments
Roof top gardens
I'm not sure you can even consider them a sub-set of "green" roofs, but where roofs are already designed as patios or terraces, roof top gardens in planters have traditionally been used to both improve the ambiance and produce flowers and vegetables. These seem like the only variant that has a long track record of making sense.
I'd wager the group least likely to champion vegetative roofs are builders like me, who have already spent enough sleepless nights worrying about potential leaks in their conventional roofs, without adding more complexity to their projects.
Response to Malcolm Taylor
Malcolm,
You're right that there is a spectrum of green roofs, and that one end of the spectrum includes a wood deck or stone-flagged rooftop patio with some planters.
In Portland, Maine, I saw a roof that is hard to categorize, but it's somewhere along the vegetated roof spectrum. It's the roof over the architectural office of Rick Renner. It's a black membrane roof -- not necessarily the type of roof where most people would want to hang out, but at least there are stairs leading up to the rooftop. Renner has installed shallow trays filled with soil; he describes the plants in these trays as "low-maintenance perennials."
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Why
The criteria I would suggest for including vegetative roofs is probably as far from a logical building science perspective as is possible. It would be that it was a necessary component to the building design. That it "just had to be". That means they would be reserved for those very few projects that cried out for them, not adopted as a matter of necessity or principle. I think this cabin by Snohetta embodies this idea.
http://snohetta.com/project/180-bjellandsbu-akrafjorden
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